// slang-ir-eliminate-multilevel-break.cpp
#include "slang-ir-eliminate-multilevel-break.h"

#include "slang-ir-clone.h"
#include "slang-ir-dominators.h"
#include "slang-ir-eliminate-phis.h"
#include "slang-ir-insts.h"
#include "slang-ir-loop-unroll.h"
#include "slang-ir-util.h"
#include "slang-ir.h"

namespace Slang
{

bool isUnreachableRootBlock(IRBlock* block)
{
    return block->getPredecessors().getCount() == 0;
}

struct EliminateMultiLevelBreakContext
{
    IRModule* irModule;
    TargetProgram* targetProgram;

    struct BreakableRegionInfo : RefObject
    {
        BreakableRegionInfo* parent = nullptr;
        int level = 0;
        IRInst* headerInst;
        List<IRBlock*> blocks;
        HashSet<IRBlock*> blockSet;
        List<RefPtr<BreakableRegionInfo>> childRegions;

        // Track exit blocks for this region (break block and continue block for loops)
        List<IRBlock*> exitBlocks;

        // For loops, store the continue block separately
        IRBlock* continueBlock = nullptr;

        IRBlock* getBreakBlock()
        {
            switch (headerInst->getOp())
            {
            case kIROp_Loop:
                return as<IRLoop>(headerInst)->getBreakBlock();
            case kIROp_Switch:
                return as<IRSwitch>(headerInst)->getBreakLabel();
            default:
                SLANG_UNREACHABLE("Unknown breakable inst");
            }
        }

        IRBlock* getContinueBlock()
        {
            switch (headerInst->getOp())
            {
            case kIROp_Loop:
                return as<IRLoop>(headerInst)->getContinueBlock();
            case kIROp_Switch:
                return nullptr; // Switches don't have continue blocks
            default:
                SLANG_UNREACHABLE("Unknown breakable inst");
            }
        }

        void populateExitBlocks()
        {
            exitBlocks.clear();
            exitBlocks.add(getBreakBlock());

            // If this is a loop, store the continue block.
            // We add it to the exitBlocks stack separately in collectBreakableRegionBlocks
            // so that nested constructs treat it as an exit point.
            if (auto loop = as<IRLoop>(headerInst))
            {
                continueBlock = getContinueBlock();
                SLANG_ASSERT(continueBlock);

                // For a for-loop with a switch statement inside, the IR looks like:
                //
                //   loop(target=%body, break=%after, continue=%incr)
                //   %body: ...
                //     switch(x, break=%post_switch, ...)
                //       case 0: unconditionalBranch(%incr)   <- 'continue'
                //       case 1: unconditionalBranch(%post_switch)  <- 'break'
                //   %post_switch: ...
                //     unconditionalBranch(%incr)             <- normal loop flow
                //   %incr: i++; unconditionalBranch(%body)  <- back-edge
                //   %after: ...                              <- loop break
                //
                // The 'continue' inside the switch branches to %incr (continueBlock).
                // This is a multi-level branch: it exits the switch region to reach
                // an exit block of the enclosing loop region.
                //
                // In order to handle the multi-level branch properly, the continueBlock
                // needs to be added to exitBlocks.
                //
                if (continueBlock != loop->getTargetBlock())
                    exitBlocks.add(continueBlock);
            }
        }

        void replaceBreakBlock(IRBuilder* builder, IRBlock* block)
        {
            switch (headerInst->getOp())
            {
            case kIROp_Loop:
                builder->replaceOperand(&(as<IRLoop>(headerInst)->breakBlock), block);
                break;
            case kIROp_Switch:
                builder->replaceOperand(&(as<IRSwitch>(headerInst)->breakLabel), block);
                break;
            default:
                SLANG_UNREACHABLE("Unknown breakable inst");
            }
        }

        template<typename Func>
        void forEach(const Func& f)
        {
            f(this);
            for (auto child : childRegions)
                child->forEach(f);
        }
    };

    struct MultiLevelBranchInfo
    {
        IRUnconditionalBranch* branchInst;
        BreakableRegionInfo* currentRegion;
        BreakableRegionInfo* branchTargetRegion;
    };

    struct FuncContext
    {
        List<RefPtr<BreakableRegionInfo>> regions;
        HashSet<IRBlock*> exitBlocks;
        Dictionary<IRBlock*, BreakableRegionInfo*> mapExitBlockToRegion;
        Dictionary<IRBlock*, BreakableRegionInfo*> mapBlockToRegion;
        HashSet<IRBlock*> processedBlocks;
        List<MultiLevelBranchInfo> multiLevelBranches;

        // Track how many multi-level branches target each exit block
        Dictionary<IRBlock*, Count> exitBlockMultiLevelBranchCount;

        void collectBreakableRegionBlocks(BreakableRegionInfo& info)
        {
            // Push all exit blocks to a stack so we can easily check if a block is an exit block in
            // its parent regions.
            for (auto exitBlock : info.exitBlocks)
                exitBlocks.add(exitBlock);

            auto successors = as<IRBlock>(info.headerInst->getParent())->getSuccessors();
            for (auto successor : successors)
            {
                if (exitBlocks.contains(successor))
                    continue;
                if (info.blockSet.add(successor))
                    info.blocks.add(successor);
            }

            // Add continueBlock to the exitBlocks stack so nested constructs
            // (e.g., switch with continue) treat it as an exit point.
            if (info.continueBlock)
                exitBlocks.add(info.continueBlock);

            for (Index i = 0; i < info.blocks.getCount(); i++)
            {
                auto block = info.blocks[i];
                if (!processedBlocks.add(block))
                    continue;
                switch (block->getTerminator()->getOp())
                {
                case kIROp_Loop:
                case kIROp_Switch:
                    {
                        // Both region and switch insts mark the start a breakable region.
                        RefPtr<BreakableRegionInfo> childRegion = new BreakableRegionInfo();
                        childRegion->headerInst = block->getTerminator();
                        childRegion->parent = &info;
                        childRegion->level = info.level + 1;
                        childRegion->populateExitBlocks();
                        collectBreakableRegionBlocks(*childRegion);
                        info.childRegions.add(childRegion);
                        block = childRegion->getBreakBlock();
                        if (!isUnreachableRootBlock(block) && info.blockSet.add(block))
                        {
                            info.blocks.add(block);
                        }
                        continue;
                    }
                default:
                    break;
                }
                for (auto succ : block->getSuccessors())
                {
                    if (!exitBlocks.contains(succ))
                    {
                        if (info.blockSet.add(succ))
                            info.blocks.add(succ);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Pop the exit blocks that were pushed at the top of this function.
            for (auto exitBlock : info.exitBlocks)
                exitBlocks.remove(exitBlock);
            if (info.continueBlock)
                exitBlocks.remove(info.continueBlock);
        }

        void gatherInfo(IRGlobalValueWithCode* func)
        {
            for (auto block : func->getBlocks())
            {
                if (processedBlocks.contains(block))
                    continue;
                auto terminator = block->getTerminator();
                switch (terminator->getOp())
                {
                case kIROp_Loop:
                case kIROp_Switch:
                    {
                        RefPtr<BreakableRegionInfo> regionInfo = new BreakableRegionInfo();
                        regionInfo->headerInst = terminator;
                        regionInfo->populateExitBlocks();
                        collectBreakableRegionBlocks(*regionInfo);
                        regions.add(regionInfo);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
            }
            for (auto& l : regions)
            {
                l->forEach(
                    [&](BreakableRegionInfo* region)
                    {
                        for (auto exitBlock : region->exitBlocks)
                            if (!isUnreachableRootBlock(exitBlock))
                                mapExitBlockToRegion.add(exitBlock, region);

                        for (auto block : region->blocks)
                            mapBlockToRegion.add(block, region);
                    });
            }

            // Initialize exit block multi-level branch counts
            for (auto& l : regions)
            {
                l->forEach(
                    [&](BreakableRegionInfo* region)
                    {
                        for (auto exitBlock : region->exitBlocks)
                        {
                            if (!isUnreachableRootBlock(exitBlock))
                                exitBlockMultiLevelBranchCount[exitBlock] = 0;
                        }
                    });
            }

            for (auto block : func->getBlocks())
            {
                auto terminator = block->getTerminator();
                if (auto branch = as<IRUnconditionalBranch>(terminator))
                {
                    if (as<IRLoop>(terminator))
                        continue;
                    BreakableRegionInfo* targetRegion = nullptr;
                    BreakableRegionInfo* currentRegion = nullptr;

                    // Check if the target is an exit block of any region
                    if (!mapExitBlockToRegion.tryGetValue(branch->getTargetBlock(), targetRegion))
                        continue;
                    if (mapBlockToRegion.tryGetValue(block, currentRegion))
                    {
                        if (currentRegion != targetRegion)
                        {
                            MultiLevelBranchInfo branchInfo;
                            branchInfo.branchInst = branch;
                            branchInfo.branchTargetRegion = targetRegion;
                            branchInfo.currentRegion = currentRegion;
                            multiLevelBranches.add(branchInfo);

                            // Increment the count for this exit block
                            exitBlockMultiLevelBranchCount[branch->getTargetBlock()]++;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        ShortList<IRBlock*, 2> getMultiLevelExitBlocks(BreakableRegionInfo* region)
        {
            ShortList<IRBlock*, 2> result;
            for (auto exitBlock : region->exitBlocks)
            {
                Count branchCount = 0;
                if (exitBlockMultiLevelBranchCount.tryGetValue(exitBlock, branchCount) &&
                    branchCount > 0)
                {
                    result.add(exitBlock);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    };


    void insertBlockBetween(IRBlock* block, IRBlock* successor)
    {
        IRBuilder builder(block->getModule());

        List<IRUse*> relevantUses;
        for (auto use = successor->firstUse; use; use = use->nextUse)
        {
            if (auto terminator = as<IRTerminatorInst>(use->getUser()))
            {
                if (as<IRBlock>(terminator->getParent()) == block)
                {
                    // Don't double count instructions like
                    // ifElse(cond, true, after, after)
                    if (const auto ifElse = as<IRIfElse>(terminator))
                    {
                        if (&ifElse->afterBlock == use)
                            continue;
                    }

                    relevantUses.add(use);
                }
            }
        }

        SLANG_RELEASE_ASSERT(relevantUses.getCount() == 1);

        builder.insertBlockAlongEdge(block->getModule(), IREdge(relevantUses[0]));
    }

    bool normalizeBranchesIntoBreakBlocks(IRGlobalValueWithCode* func)
    {
        bool changed = false;

        List<IRBlock*> workList;

        for (auto block : func->getBlocks())
            workList.add(block);

        for (auto block : workList)
        {
            if (auto loop = as<IRLoop>(block->getTerminator()))
            {
                auto breakBlock = loop->getBreakBlock();

                for (auto predecessor : breakBlock->getPredecessors())
                {
                    if (!as<IRUnconditionalBranch>(predecessor->getTerminator()))
                    {
                        insertBlockBetween(predecessor, breakBlock);
                        changed = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return changed;
    }

    void duplicateUnreachableBreakBlocks(FuncContext* context)
    {
        Dictionary<IRBlock*, BreakableRegionInfo*> mapBreakBlocksToRegion;

        // If we already have a region mapped for a break block, and the break block
        // is unreachable, create a new unreachable block and map it.
        //
        for (auto& l : context->regions)
        {
            l->forEach(
                [&](BreakableRegionInfo* region)
                {
                    if (isUnreachableRootBlock(region->getBreakBlock()))
                    {
                        if (mapBreakBlocksToRegion.containsKey(region->getBreakBlock()))
                        {
                            if (mapBreakBlocksToRegion[region->getBreakBlock()] != region)
                            {
                                // We have a break block that is unreachable, and we have already
                                // mapped it to a region, and that region is not the current region.
                                //
                                // We need to create a new unreachable block, and map it to the
                                // current region.
                                //
                                IRBuilder builder(irModule);
                                builder.setInsertInto(region->getBreakBlock()->getParent());
                                auto newBreakBlock = builder.createBlock();
                                newBreakBlock->insertAfter(region->getBreakBlock());
                                builder.setInsertInto(newBreakBlock);
                                builder.emitUnreachable();
                                mapBreakBlocksToRegion.add(newBreakBlock, region);
                                region->replaceBreakBlock(&builder, newBreakBlock);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                            mapBreakBlocksToRegion.add(region->getBreakBlock(), region);
                    }
                    else
                        mapBreakBlocksToRegion.add(region->getBreakBlock(), region);
                });
        }
    }

    void processFunc(IRGlobalValueWithCode* func)
    {
        normalizeBranchesIntoBreakBlocks(func);

        // If func does not have any multi-level breaks, return.
        {
            FuncContext funcInfo;
            funcInfo.gatherInfo(func);

            if (funcInfo.multiLevelBranches.getCount() == 0)
                return;

            // Check if each region has a single exit block with multi-level branches
            // and if it is the break block. If not, eliminate continue blocks first.
            bool needsContinueElimination = false;
            for (auto& region : funcInfo.regions)
                region->forEach(
                    [&](BreakableRegionInfo* region)
                    {
                        // Ensure that each region has a unique exit block with multi-level branches
                        ShortList<IRBlock*, 2> multiLevelExitBlocks =
                            funcInfo.getMultiLevelExitBlocks(region);
                        if (multiLevelExitBlocks.getCount() == 0)
                            return;

                        if (multiLevelExitBlocks.getCount() == 1 &&
                            multiLevelExitBlocks[0] == region->getBreakBlock())
                            return;

                        needsContinueElimination = true;
                    });

            if (needsContinueElimination)
                eliminateContinueBlocksInFunc(irModule, func);
        }

        // To make things easy, eliminate Phis before perform transformations.
        eliminatePhisInFunc(
            LivenessMode::Disabled,
            irModule,
            func,
            PhiEliminationOptions::getFast());

        // Before modifying the cfg, we gather all required info from the existing cfg.
        FuncContext funcInfo;
        funcInfo.gatherInfo(func);

        if (funcInfo.multiLevelBranches.getCount() == 0)
            return;

        // Verify that the only multi-level branches we have to handle are into break blocks.
        for (auto& region : funcInfo.regions)
            region->forEach(
                [&](BreakableRegionInfo* region)
                {
                    // Ensure that each region has a unique exit block with multi-level branches
                    ShortList<IRBlock*, 2> multiLevelExitBlocks =
                        funcInfo.getMultiLevelExitBlocks(region);
                    if (multiLevelExitBlocks.getCount() == 0)
                        return;

                    if (multiLevelExitBlocks.getCount() == 1 &&
                        multiLevelExitBlocks[0] == region->getBreakBlock())
                        return;

                    SLANG_UNEXPECTED(
                        "Multi-level break elimination failed: unique exit block is not the break "
                        "block");
                });

        // Duplicate unreachable break blocks so that each break block is only mapped to a single
        duplicateUnreachableBreakBlocks(&funcInfo);

        IRBuilder builder(irModule);
        builder.setInsertInto(func);

        OrderedHashSet<BreakableRegionInfo*> skippedOverRegions;
        auto unreachableBlock = builder.emitBlock();
        builder.setInsertInto(unreachableBlock);
        builder.emitUnreachable();
        builder.setInsertInto(func);

        // Rewrite multi-level branches with single level "break" + target-level argument.
        for (auto branchInfo : funcInfo.multiLevelBranches)
        {
            auto region = branchInfo.currentRegion;
            while (region)
            {
                skippedOverRegions.add(region);
                region = region->parent;
                if (region == branchInfo.branchTargetRegion)
                    break;
            }
            builder.setInsertBefore(branchInfo.branchInst);
            auto targetLevelInst =
                builder.getIntValue(builder.getIntType(), branchInfo.branchTargetRegion->level);
            builder.emitBranch(branchInfo.currentRegion->getBreakBlock(), 1, &targetLevelInst);
            branchInfo.branchInst->removeAndDeallocate();
        }

        // Rewrite skipped-over break blocks to accept a target level argument.
        builder.setInsertInto(func);
        OrderedDictionary<IRBlock*, int> mapNewBreakBlockToRegionLevel;
        for (auto skippedRegion : skippedOverRegions)
        {
            auto breakBlock = skippedRegion->getBreakBlock();

            // The existing break block cannot have parameters. We assume that PHI-elimination is
            // run before this pass.
            SLANG_RELEASE_ASSERT(breakBlock->getFirstParam() == nullptr);

            // The new CFG structure will be: newBreakBlock --> newBreakBodyBlock { IfElse
            // (-->oldBreakBlock, -->outerBreakBlock) } `newBreakBlock` defines the `IRParam` for
            // the break target, then immediately jumps to `newBreakBodyBlock` for the actual
            // branch. We need this separation to avoid introducing critical edge to the CFG (blocks
            // cannot have more than 1 predecessors and more than 1 successors at the same time).
            auto jumpToOuterBlock = builder.createBlock();

            auto newBreakBlock = builder.createBlock();
            newBreakBlock->insertBefore(breakBlock);
            jumpToOuterBlock->insertAfter(newBreakBlock);
            mapNewBreakBlockToRegionLevel[newBreakBlock] = skippedRegion->level;
            breakBlock->replaceUsesWith(newBreakBlock);

            builder.setInsertInto(newBreakBlock);
            auto targetLevelParam = builder.emitParam(builder.getIntType());

            if (as<IRUnreachableBase>(breakBlock->getTerminator()))
            {
                builder.setInsertInto(newBreakBlock);
                builder.emitBranch(jumpToOuterBlock);
            }
            else
            {
                auto newBreakBodyBlock = builder.createBlock();
                newBreakBodyBlock->insertAfter(breakBlock);
                builder.emitBranch(newBreakBodyBlock);
                builder.setInsertInto(newBreakBodyBlock);
                auto levelNeq = builder.emitNeq(
                    targetLevelParam,
                    builder.getIntValue(builder.getIntType(), skippedRegion->level));
                builder.emitIfElse(levelNeq, jumpToOuterBlock, breakBlock, breakBlock);
            }

            builder.setInsertInto(jumpToOuterBlock);
            if (skippedOverRegions.contains(skippedRegion->parent))
            {
                builder.emitBranch(
                    skippedRegion->parent->getBreakBlock(),
                    1,
                    (IRInst**)&targetLevelParam);
            }
            else
            {
                builder.emitBranch(skippedRegion->parent->getBreakBlock());
            }
        }

        // Once we have rewritten regions' break blocks with additional targetLevel parameter, all
        // original branches into that block without a parameter will now need to provide a default
        // value equal to the level of its corresponding region.
        for (auto [breakBlock, level] : mapNewBreakBlockToRegionLevel)
        {
            IRInst* levelInst = nullptr;
            List<IRUse*> uses;
            for (auto use = breakBlock->firstUse; use; use = use->nextUse)
            {
                uses.add(use);
            }
            for (auto use : uses)
            {
                auto user = use->getUser();
                switch (user->getOp())
                {
                case kIROp_ConditionalBranch:
                case kIROp_IfElse:
                case kIROp_Switch:
                    // For complex branches, insert an intermediate block so we can specify the
                    // target index argument.
                    {
                        if (user->getOp() == kIROp_Switch &&
                            &(as<IRSwitch>(user)->breakLabel) == use)
                        {
                            // If this is the "breakLabel" operand of the original switch inst,
                            // don't do anything since it is not an actual branch.
                            continue;
                        }
                        builder.setInsertInto(func);
                        auto tmpBlock = builder.createBlock();
                        tmpBlock->insertAfter(user->getParent());
                        builder.setInsertInto(tmpBlock);
                        if (!levelInst)
                            levelInst = builder.getIntValue(builder.getIntType(), level);
                        builder.emitBranch(breakBlock, 1, &levelInst);
                        use->set(tmpBlock);
                    }
                    break;
                case kIROp_Loop:
                    // Ignore.
                    continue;
                case kIROp_UnconditionalBranch:
                    {
                        auto originalBranch = as<IRUnconditionalBranch>(user);
                        if (originalBranch->getOperandCount() == 1)
                        {
                            builder.setInsertBefore(originalBranch);
                            if (!levelInst)
                                levelInst = builder.getIntValue(builder.getIntType(), level);
                            builder.emitBranch(breakBlock, 1, &levelInst);
                            originalBranch->removeAndDeallocate();
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        legalizeDefUse(func, targetProgram);
    }
};

void eliminateMultiLevelBreak(IRModule* irModule, TargetProgram* targetProgram)
{
    EliminateMultiLevelBreakContext context;
    context.irModule = irModule;
    context.targetProgram = targetProgram;
    for (auto globalInst : irModule->getGlobalInsts())
    {
        if (auto codeInst = as<IRGlobalValueWithCode>(globalInst))
        {
            context.processFunc(codeInst);
        }
    }
}

void eliminateMultiLevelBreakForFunc(
    TargetProgram* targetProgram,
    IRModule* irModule,
    IRGlobalValueWithCode* func)
{
    EliminateMultiLevelBreakContext context;
    context.irModule = irModule;
    context.targetProgram = targetProgram;
    context.processFunc(func);
}

} // namespace Slang
